Periodisation

Periodisation is the long-term structuring of a training programme into cycles, commonly a macrocycle (a season or year), mesocycles (blocks of a few weeks), and microcycles (individual weeks). Each phase emphasises different qualities, such as building an aerobic base, developing strength, or sharpening speed, and manages how hard and how much an athlete trains. The aim is to drive adaptation while managing fatigue so fitness rises without an unbroken accumulation of stress.

Models vary: linear periodisation shifts gradually from high volume and low intensity toward low volume and high intensity, while undulating (non-linear) models vary the emphasis more frequently, sometimes within a single week. Deload weeks and a pre-competition taper are typical tools within a periodised plan. The concept is central to coaching because it links day-to-day sessions to a defined competitive goal.